The Book Thief
Wednesday, March 6, 2013
Criminality
The
setting, Nazi Germany, forces us to think about what is right and what it
wrong, specifically dealing with laws. To abide by the law meant to persecute
your neighbors and support the suffering of your fellow humans. Was it better
to follow the rules or follow your morals? And if some of the laws were wrong, how does one know which
are okay to bend or disregard and which aren’t? Surely some of Nazi Germany’s
laws made sense and weren’t unique. But if you’re operating on the assumption
that some laws can be broken, where do you draw the line? Our main character
proudly considers herself a thief, as does her best friend. Lengthy discussion might
not be able to resolve whether it’s moral of them to steal. At first, Liesel is fairly
innocent, just taking books off the ground. Soon she is stealing from the mayor’s
wife and even goes so far as making a boy crash on his bike so that they can
steal his food. Obviously, that’s illegal. While it’s right for stealing to be
generally illegal, do the circumstances excuse it? After all, that boy was
rich and probably still had plenty of food to eat that evening whether or not
his basket was taken. Meanwhile Liesel and Rudy shared the food in it with
other kids who were living off of small rations in big families. One could
liken them to Robin Hood in this situation, stealing from the rich to give to
the poor. Is it really wrong to make more stomachs full than would have been
before? That time perhaps, they weren’t in the wrong despite having broken the
law. But other times might not have been quite so noble, and the question is
where to draw the line. I think that line is impossible to define as each person
has a different opinion on where it would be. Different people have different views,
which is why it’s hard to decide on laws and punishments. Was it really right to
steal from a farmer who was trying to make a living off that fruit? Maybe not.
But was it wrong enough to be punished for thievery when all they wanted was to
ease their hunger? Maybe not. There may never be an answer when considering things such as
breaking the laws in Nazi Germany, where many of the laws were just plain
wrong, even though they were supposed to be preventing wrongdoing. After all,
after the war, the people who went against the Nazi regime were celebrated and
honored, and the law-abiding citizens were shamed. How were the people in these
countries supposed to decide what to do after it reached the point where there
was almost no resistance to the Nazi regime? I think maybe breaking the law
isn’t bad simply because it’s “breaking
the law,” it’s bad because you’re committing an act that was considered bad
enough that a law was made against it. And in most cases, the people creating
the laws were reasonable and just. But it’s hard to judge who’s right and
who’s wrong when the moral guide of law starts to dissolve under a corrupt
system and each person has to privately decide which rules should be abided by
and which ones just shouldn’t. Having the protagonists be rule-breakers brings
this question to mind and makes you reevaluate what laws have to do with right
and wrong as you read The Book Thief.
Words
As is
evident from the title, language is very important in this book. Throughout the
story we are shown how the power of language can be used positively and
negatively. Nazi Germany was built on words. Hitler slowly persuaded people
that he was right and that the Jews were to blame for their problems. People
who’d been fine with Jewish people ten years earlier found themselves saluting
the man who was systematically murdering them. In Max’s book, The Word Shaker, he says, “the Führer
had decided that he would rule the world with words” (Zusak 445). He didn’t
need anything except persuasive words and insidious ideas to control the minds
of free-thinkers. Soon he had the whole country committing acts of hatred and
murder simply by telling them things. This shows the true power of words by
showing that they can make terrible things happen. On the other hand, Liesel
loves words. Reading is what she loved; she was proud of it because she had to
struggle to acquire it. She has an appreciation of literature because books are
so hard to come by, and when she first sees a library it takes her breath away.
She is not only aware of the way words can be used for evil, but their positive
power as well. Reword. She has tamed an entire room of hysterical people and
calmed their gripping fear simply by reading aloud. Books have brought her
comfort and triumph. They are also a symbol of free-thinking−the Germans were
burning books that the Nazis didn’t like for reasons such as the main character
being Jewish. This censorship truly shows the power of literature because one
of the most powerful regimes in the world was afraid to let books get in their people’s
hands. Words have the power to change people’s minds. They also have incredible
power to show love. One of the books she cherished the most was The Standover Man, given to her by Max.
It was a simple book but it was hand-painted and a gesture of thanks and
caring. Words can tell simple stories that speak volumes on their own. Overall,
words having power is a very important subject in The Book Thief.
Max
Max is a
very intriguing character. It is noted in the beginning that Liesel is more
fortunate than him because at least she isn’t a Jew. The first time we see him,
he is already broken beyond belief. He has been forced to sit alone in the
dark, petrified to move or breathe too loudly for far of someone finding him. His
own neighbors, because of the propaganda they’ve been fed, have probably
treated him like filth. Being hated and punished for being who you are can take
a toll on your self-image. It’s safe to say that by the time he reached the
Hubermann’s his self-worth was pretty low and he was constantly scared−with
good reason. His whole life after that he was forced to live in hiding if he
wanted to stay alive. His days consisted of sitting alone in a cold basement.
He literally never went upstairs because if he did he could be found. I cannot
imagine that kind of existence. One thing I noticed is that he was always
apologizing. He was sorry to the Hubermanns that he was causing them trouble,
taking a portion of their rations, and making them break the law for him,
despite that it was their choice to take all those things on so that they could
protect him. It’s as though he can’t accept that these people would care enough
about him that they’d risk their own safety to help him. He didn’t feel like he
deserved to be fed and kept safe. He ultimately shows this when, instead of
meeting Hans to arrange when it was safe to come back to the house, he left a
note that said “You’ve done enough” (Zusak 398). They had insisted that they didn’t
mind keeping him in their basement, but he always felt like he was asking too
much of them. We’re left to contemplate what did this to him. Was it truly that
he was so kind he didn’t want to burden them? Did the atmosphere of
Anti-Semitism make him truly believe that he was worth less than them? Did the constant
fear make him feel worthless? Did the poverty, shame and starvation play a
part? We aren’t offered much insight on Max’s motives, so I guess we’ll never
know. Perhaps it was a combination of all three that turned the audacious young
fighter into the constantly apologizing man who showed up at the Hubermanns' door.
The Word Shaker
Before Max
left, he’d left a gift for Liesel for her to receive when she was ready. It was
a book that he wrote himself, a collection of thoughts really. But on page 117,
there was a story. It was about Hitler cultivating and spreading words, and
getting people to follow him with the words he’d grown into a forest. One girl
planted a dried tear for her sick friend who was hated by his country and
allowed it to grow into a tree that couldn’t be cut down by anyone who tried
because she stayed up in its branches. Finally, her old friend found her and
they climbed down together, causing the tree to fall onto the forest. “It could
never destroy all of it, but if nothing else, a different-colored path was
carved through it” (Zusak 450). This story has so much symbolism in it. The way
Hitler took over the country with words is likened to him growing a forest of
words and symbols. Just like words, a tree, once planted, can grow and grow
long after the seed was planted into something very present and immovable. It
can even grow into something unintended by the planter. Words, once they’ve
been said, take root in people’s minds. If the conditions are right, the words
can grow by being passed from person to person and being repeated over and over
again until it is nearly impossible to get rid of them. It would take a lot of
effort to cut down a sequoia. But then there is the part about the girl’s tree.
This too shows how words can be cultivated form the smallest idea into
something that grows and grows as more people are affected by it. One person’s
resistance can grow as more people are inspired to do the same. If the
conditions are right (having enough people around with hearts ready to be
changed), then that little bit of resistance can grow into a lot of resistance.
Even if it won’t make much of a difference, it can still carve a path for other
people to follow in. Maybe a few people in the crowd the day that Hans
Hubermann gave a Jew that bread realized that it was possible to do something
about the cruelty and were given the nerve to do a little something themselves.
Maybe Liesel’s bravery would spark another person’s bravery, which would spark
another few people’s bravery, and slowly it would reverberate throughout the
nation. That one little seed would grow into a massive tree that would carve a
different path through the poisonous forest of Nazi words. This incredible
symbolism reveals the theme that sometimes in life, one small act or a few
small words affect many because they grow and spur on a chain reaction, which
will give people the ability to travel down a different path.
Liesel’s Accordion
Earlier in
the book, Death had remarked that, though Liesel often wanted to ask Hans to
teach her to play the accordion, she felt like she would never be as good as
him anyway, not in the same way. She wanted to let it be his thing because she
could never live up to the way he played. Then, in the bomb shelter, she
started to read The Whistler, and
eventually all of the frightened people in the shelter were silent and hanging
on to her every word. The author described her reading: “she hauled the words
in and breathed them out. A voice played notes inside of her. This, it said, is
your accordion” (Zusak 381). The accordion here is used as a metaphor for the
one thing you can master and call your own. Hans Hubermann is known for playing
the accordion, and no one can play it quite like him. Now Liesel has discovered
that this is her skill and what she loves- books. Even though she struggled so
much earlier on with learning how to read, and has had to steal every book she
owns, this is what she can be remembered for. Hans’s skill with the accordion
brings people together and evokes emotions in them with the music. Liesel’s
reading does the same. Her reading brought some semblance of peace to a chaotic
room and gave the people something to concentrate on besides their gripping
fear. The children stopped screaming and the adults stopped shaking. She
already thought of herself as a book thief, now this group of people would also
know her as the girl with the books. Like her father, she found something that
she is good at in a way that no one else is. She used her words to save a
roomful of people in turmoil. The author compared that skill and ownership to
her father’s accordion because the readers already recognize the feelings
Liesel has about her father and her love and awe of his skill with music, so
saying that she found her accordion is much more powerful than saying she found
something she was good at, loved, and would be remembered for. Most times in
literature, it is much more effective to show something rather than
specifically tell the audience. The author doesn’t need to talk about the
significance of that moment and how it made Liesel feel, by saying “This...is
your accordion” (Zusak 381) we can infer all of that information, and it’s much
more powerful. He said all of that without saying anything more than a simple
metaphor, and it spoke volumes so that he didn’t have to.
Liesel’s Gifts
While Max
is in a coma, Liesel brings him discarded items she finds. She gave him a
ribbon, a pinecone, a button, even the image of a cloud. Her innocence and
compassion are shown through these gifts; her innocence because only a child
would think of such a thoughtful thing to do and believe that such an
assortment would bring a dying man comfort, and her caring and compassion
simply because she thought to give him anything at all. One item briefly
mentioned is a toy soldier. “It was scratched and trodden, which, to Liesel,
was the whole point. Even with the injury, it could still stand up” (Zusak
323). These two sentences reflect a significant theme in the book, that
sometimes when someone has had misfortune, injury or misery in their life, they
can still be happy because they don’t allow themselves to be beaten. The
characters in this book, especially Max, have gone through a lot of hardship
and misery, so this beat-up soldier that could still stand signified all of
them- beat-up people, physically and emotionally, that can still live. Despite being
impoverished, living in Nazi Germany, and having lost people they love, the
characters are still able to get by and do so without wallowing in their misery.
Hans Hubermann keeps painting and showing his daughter the world, Max stays in
the basement without complaint, and Liesel steals books, plays soccer in the
streets, and revels in the little victories of life. I thought it was profound
the way Marcus Zusak dropped that in there and so quickly moved on, and it was
brilliant how simply that theme was revealed using the thoughtful gift of a
child to a dying man.
This theme
reminded me of Kintsugi, a Japanese method of repair where you fill the cracks
in a broken ceramic piece with gold resin. The result is a beautiful bowl laced
with gold lines. The idea is that the bowls are now even more beautiful because
they were broken. There is such deep meaning to this idea, and it relates to
this theme in The Book Thief. Even
though misfortune befell these people and they were “cracked,” by healing the
cracks in themselves they can become better than they were before. Just because
you’ve been beaten doesn’t mean you can’t stand.
To read more about Kintsugi, visit http://www.elephantjournal.com/2012/06/kintsugi-as-yoga-filling-the-cracks-with-gold-zo-newell/
To read more about Kintsugi, visit http://www.elephantjournal.com/2012/06/kintsugi-as-yoga-filling-the-cracks-with-gold-zo-newell/
Mortality
The first
book Liesel steals is The Grave-Digger’s
Handbook. It reminds her of her brother who died in front of her, and frankly it’s a morbid
subject: how to bury a dead body. The author obviously chose each book for a reason, and this one is meant to signify a depressed, scared, death-filled
time in Liesel’s life. One of the next books she gets is The Whistler, which is about a murderer. When she finishes it, Hans
remarks that it’s pretty dark for her to have been reading. It reminds you
of how living in Nazi Germany and having lost her family has taken her
innocence too early. In some aspects she is still an innocent child but she has
seen more death than she ever should have and in that aspect she is less
innocent than she might have been growing up in a happy, healthy home all her
life. The murderous subject creeped her out, but it didn’t scar her. It also
keeps us focused on death, which is a primary subject of the book. The Book Thief is even
narrated by Death, which is another way the author reminds us that these
characters are constantly avoiding death, which is a very real thing. Humans
are as mortal as it gets, and sometimes people die. That idea is constantly
present throughout this book.
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